Headlines and summaries from the pages of Electronic Engineering Times . Previous editions are available from the 1994 , 1995 , 1996 , 1997 , and 1998 News Archives.

01/05/96

Apple seeks Taiwan contractor for motherboards

Avant! blasts Cadence's 'corporate terrorism'

Defense line sold by Westinghouse

Fujitsu 0.35-micron ASICs ready to ship
What's new(s) at EE Times-interactive

01/04/96

TI digital-TV shows 'progress'

Deep-submicron project for Taiwan

Performance Technology Inc. targets Internet

Internet battleground awaits Microsoft's salvo

01/03/96

Error correction method boosts modem, cell phone capacity

Simple technique for single-electron transistors devised

DSP environment tuned for live video

Dallas Semi expands one-wire mini-network product line

01/ 02/96

TI creates 'Silvar' for GaAs packages

Irvine Sensors expands into boards, chips

Ease-of-use pressed for optical drives

Intel, AMD back mini card and ready samples

01/01/96

CES Report: a new world of digital products and copyright fights

CES Report: The debut of the low-cost Internet box for TV

Startup takes tiny vias to packaging market

Avant! unveils new layout system despite legal actions

Sanyo pickup reads DVDs, CDs

Happy New Year!

Apple seeks Taiwan contractor for motherboards

By Mark Carroll

TAIPEI, Taiwan -- Apple Computer is taking bids from Taiwan board makers for contract manufacturing of 300,000 motherboards per month. The move is part of a slowly emerging plan by Apple to expand its clone business.

Cupertino, Calif.-based Apple lost money in the quarter ended Dec.31 and needs to cut costs quickly. At the same time, the company needs to expand the Mac intosh market by contracting with Taiwan-based companies to produce Macintosh clones.

As long ago as last summer, Apple had agreed to let selected vendors here build certain models of low-cost Mac clones, but the company balked at giving up the crown jewels: licenses for the Macintosh operating system (see Aug. 21, 1995, page 1).

Sources from four of the largest Taiwanese motherboard makers (Elitegroup Computer Systems Inc., First International Computer Co., Acer Inc. and GVC Corp.) confirmed that they are negotiating with Apple for at least a portion of the new motherboard deal. Those sources said that though they welcome the business, they're afraid to assume the entire contract because of potential retaliation from Intel Corp., which controls the chip sets needed for next-generation systems. Intel's move into mainboard manufacturing from its Oregon facility in mid-1995 has been perceived here as a threat.

Avant! blasts Cadence's 'corporate terrorism'

By Richard Goering

SUNNYVALE, Calif. -- In his first public response to charges of source-code theft by Cadence Design Systems (San Jose, Calif.), Gerald Hsu, Avant! president and CEO, blasted what he termed Cadence's "corporate terrorism" this week and challenged it to compete with Avant! on a technical basis. Cadence, meanwhile, hinted at plans to do just that with a major IC-CAD announcement slated for the week after next.

Hsu's comments came at a packed news conference called to introduce ArcCell-XO, an option that adds multilayer, area-based routing to the basic ArcCell product (see Jan. 2, page 1).

"We are outraged that our competitor insults our integrity," Hsu said. "They insult our employees, our customers, our shareholders and the fundamental American spirit, which is freedom of choice."

As director of Cadence's IC division three years ago, Hsu said, he competed against ArcSys, which joined with Integrated Silicon Solutions (ISS) to become Avant! in late 1995.

Joe Costello, Cadence president and CEO, rejected the charges, saying, "We find it difficult to believe that the district attorney's office, the FBI, the police and Cypress Semiconductor [which backed Cadence in a brief] would be conspirators in a corporate terrorist plot or have any interest in insulting Avant! employees, customers or shareholders."

Defense line sold by Westinghouse

LOS ANGELES -- Northrop Grumman Corp. this week agreed to buy the defense electronics business of Westinghouse Electric Corp. for $3.6 billion.

Westinghouse has been divesting itself of non-core businesses and has been seeking ways to pare debt used to pay for its $5.4 billion purchase of CBS last year. Northrop will pay $3 billion in cash for the defense electronics business and assume about $600 million in pension and other post-retirement liabilities assoc iated with the current employees of the business.

The defense-related electronic-systems business--which makes radar, command and control, and electronic-warfare systems among many other products--is the largest component of Westinghouse's Electronic Systems Group. For the first three quarters of 1995, it earned operating profits of $110 million, excluding special charges, on revenues of $1.9 billion.

Fujitsu 0.35-micron ASICs ready to ship

By David Lammers

KAWASAKI, Japan -- Fujitsu Ltd. is ready to take on commercial 0.35-micron-ASIC customers. But tight capacity will prevail until a new logic fab is up and running.

Fujitsu has been has been shipping 0.35-micron ASICs to "selected external customers" and to its internal computer operations since December 1994, but the company has remained quiet on the commercial front. One reason has been limited 0.35-micron capacity: After Japa n's economy crashed in 1991, Fujitsu cut back sharply on logic-fab investments, and that "black hole" affected capacity at existing logic-IC lines.

Takamitsu Tsuchimoto, named general manager of the Logic LSI group in mid-1995, said Fujitsu is "committed to being a top runner" in the 0.35-micron generation. Part of that strategy involves completion of a 0.35-micron 8-inch wafer line at the company's main logic-IC complex, at Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan.

"For the next 10 months, we are sold out [of logic capacity], but that doesn't mean we won't be accepting new orders. New designs usually do not put a big strain on capacity," Tsuchimoto said.

TI digital-TV shows 'progress'

By Junko Yoshida

WASHINGTON -- Texas Instruments has demonstrated what it claims is the industry's first end-to-end, digital progressive-scan TV system, as part of a recent Federal Communications Commission hearing on advanced TV. Others demonstrating digital TV systems were CBS Inc., Hitachi America Ltd., Hubbard Broadcasting Inc., Microsoft Corp., NBC, Sony Corp. of America and the HDTV Grand Alliance.

TI's demonstration included the company's Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) microchip-based 50-inch rear-projection system. The digital source material shown on TI's digital projection system was encoded by a 525-line progressive-scanning real-time MPEG-2 encoder that TI custom-developed for NTV, Japan's leading private TV network .

Digital broadcasting based on MPEG-2 encoding is often implemented today by leading satellite broadcasting companies throughout the world. Encoding is usually done in an interlaced format to transmit interlaced images to a conventional TV receiver in the home.

Demo unique

TI's demonstration was unique in that it showed digital materials encoded in a progressive-scanning format. The MPEG-2 encoder for progressive scan "essentially requires double the processing power of a co nventional encoder," said Randy Ostler, marketing manager of digital compression products at TI.

Deep-submicron project for Taiwan

By Mark Carroll

HSINCHU, Taiwan -- Taiwan's government plans to launch a research project to evaluate deep-submicron lithography and other processes. The fab will process 12-inch wafers and share information with 12-inch consortia now being set up in Japan and the United States.

The Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOE) has approved $12 million for the fiscal year beginning in July and plans call for spending at least $268 million over five years.

Wenbin Hsu, deputy general director of the Electronics Research & Service Organization (ERSO), said one goal is to evaluate X-ray, extreme-UV and electron-beam lithography. "The research fab is planned as a flexible project that will research not only 0.18- to 0.13-micron production processes, but also ne w fab-automation concepts, such as interbay automated transport, shrinking the clean-room area, and single-wafer processing," he said.

ERSO's original fab was a member of the Hsinchu industrial park, which is now overflowing with IC companies. Out of that fab emerged United Microelectronics Corp. (UMC) in 1982. A second ERSO fab was later spun off into Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. (TSMC), and last year a third ERSO fab went private as Vanguard International.

Performance Technology Inc. targets Internet

By Loring Wirbel

SAN ANTONIO -- The Internet-access craze has caused many a high-technology company to turn on a dime, trading in worn strategies for broadband switching in favor of ones emphasizing Slip-based home connectivity to the Internet. Nowhere has this trend been more prevalent than in remote-access hardware.

Compatible Systems Inc. (Boulder, Colo.) once focuse d on linking Macintosh networks to TCP/IP backbones but has reinvented itself as an Internet- access company.

Router specialists like Bay Networks Inc. and Advanced Computer Communications Inc. are de-emphasizing corporate-headquarters sites to pour development and advertising dollars into small office/home office (SOHO) markets. Cisco Systems Inc. (San Jose, Calif.) has gone on a veritable shopping spree, augmenting its baby routers by acquiring Combinet Inc., Internet Junction Inc. and Network Translation Inc. in a matter of months--all to gain a bigger chunk of the branch-office Internet market.

But few companies have made as grand a leap as has Performance Technology Inc., a developer of peer-to-peer network OS and backup software, which spun out of Datapoint Corp. in 1985. Performance came to Comdex/Fall with an "Instant Internet" hardware platform, offering built-in ISDN connectivity and a home-grown microkernel, to give corporate PC-based LANs efficient access to the Internet. A pact signed w ith Internet service provider UUNet Technologies Inc. at the end of October will see the Performance hardware used as the basis for UUNet's new Internet 9-5 offering.

Internet battleground awaits Microsoft's salvo

By Larry Lange

REDMOND, Wash. -- This year's Internet marketplace could look more like a battleground than a business arena as Microsoft Corp., cast in the unaccustomed role of upstart, takes on the established players on a number of fronts. Indeed, in a recent presentation on the Internet business, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates went so far as to draw a parallel with the response half a century ago to Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor.

"Probably the most important comment on that day wasn't made on Wall Street or by any analysts," he said. "It was made by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who said he feared the Japanese had awakened a sleeping giant."

The implication: Microsoft has opened its eyes to the Net, and the scrappy competition had best not be caught napping.

Gates may feel compelled to lock and load, considering the verbal hand grenades being lobbed his way by established Net leaders Netscape Communications Corp., Sun Microsystems Inc. and Silicon Graphics Inc., all of which have worked for years to win the Internet territory they claim today.

Netscape chief executive James Barksdale, responding to Microsoft's recent Internet-product announcements, went so far as to quip, "We have God on our side."

Barksdale acknowledged that there "will be a dog-fight, no doubt about it. We don't propose that we're ever going to be the 800-pound gorilla . . . but we're brave."

Error correction method boosts modem, cell phone capacity

By Gail Robinson

ST. JOHN'S, Newfoundland -- Electrical engineer Son Le-Ngoc at Memorial University here claims to hav e devised a method for vastly increasing the data throughput of modems and cellular phones by optimizing a mathematical component of a popular error-correction technique. The approach, based on the popular Reed-Solomon code used widely in data communications, employs a new method for solving equations in finite fields--the underlying mathematical system used in many signal-processing schemes.

The algorithm is applied in the design of a single-chip codec that has been patented by Seabright Corp. Ltd., a technology-transfer group of the university. Le-Ngoc claims the decoding scheme represents a factor-of-200 speed improvement over the Chien search algorithm, a standard error-correction procedure. The codec will achieve operational speeds of up to 2 Gbits/second with a BiCMOS design and 100-plus Gbits/s in GaAs, he said. Software emulation of the chip is available.

A mathematical finding allowed Le-Ngoc to implement a new forward error-correction scheme for which he holds a patent. "If you want to solve a quadratic equation in a finite field, you have to use a trial-and-error method known as Chien search," he explained."I found a way to analytically represent the roots, cutting the time to solution by a factor of 200 over the Chien Search approach," Le-Ngoc said. "Let's say you have a field of 256 bytes, so every time I solve a second-order equation, I would have to substitute all of those 256 bytes to only get two roots of the equation. But by having a direct analytic solution, I know directly where the error is, and I can correct it right away."

Simple technique for single-electron transistors devised

By Chappell Brown

TSUKUBA, Japan -- A nanofabrication project at MITI's Electrotechnical Laboratory has uncovered a simple process for fabricating single-electron transistors (SETs). MITI researchers, working with Stanford University, used an atomic-force microscope tip to scribe ti tanium oxide lines in a 3-nm-thick titanium layer, producing a 35-nm-wide junction that switches single electrons.

Not only is the process simple, but the resulting devices work at room temperature--an important consideration for practical circuits. Initial data from the experiment conformed very closely to a theoretical analysis of the new junction, said researcher Kazuhiko Matsumoto, who described the work at last month's International Electron Devices Meeting.

"We found a strong coincidence between measured data and calculated results, which confirms the existence of the 'Coulomb blockade' phenomenon in our device at room temperature," Matsumoto said. In such a small structure, incidental effects that merely perturb larger devices--electron trapping at interfaces, for example--could seriously disturb the operation of the SET. Coulomb blockade is the underlying mechanism that switches electrons in SETs, analogous to the field under the gate of a MOS transistor controlling the flow of electrons.

DSP environment tuned for live video

By Gail Robinson

OXFORD, Conn. -- Oxford Computer Inc. says it has optimized a single-chip parallel digital signal processor (DSP) for live video processing. The company is offering free C-based development tools over the Internet and hopes to address the burgeoning multimedia market with a low-cost video-processing scheme that it says is easy to implement.

"We are convinced that once system designers start using our software-development tools, they'll be hooked on this architecture," said Oxford president Steve Morton. "It's a bare-bones system: A single-chip SIMD [single-instruction, multiple-data] processor hooks directly to synchronous DRAM without any intermediate glue logic.

"We estimate that the resulting video- processing system will cost about a tenth the cost of competitive systems."

Morton said anyone may download the developm ent system free from Oxford's Web page (http://www.oxfordcomputer. com). All of the hardware specifications, software specifications and software tools are provided in full versions.

The software is still in its alpha release; Oxford plans to add a simulator and a debugger. Volume shipments of the chip are expected to be out this spring.

Dallas Semi expands one-wire mini-network product line

DALLAS -- Dallas Semiconductor has expanded its one-wire mini-network concept with a tiny, line-powered device containing two switch MOSFETs and two voltage sensors in one package. Each of the four devices is separately addressable with a laser-programmed address, so numbers of the Dallas DS2407 parts can be connected on a single multidrop RS-232 twisted-pair.

The result is a control network that can be run by the RS-232 port on a personal computer. The twisted-pair can run up to 300 meters a nd may include large numbers of the 2407 chips.

Each chip responds to a laser-programmed address. In addition, each device has 1,024 bits of one-time-programmable EPROM that can hold application information, such as the identity or location of the sensors and switches. A typical application might be an intrusion-alarm system, in which motion sensors and lamp actuators might be scattered all over a home. Since the devices are powered by the RS-232 line, storing charge in an internal capacitor when the line is inactive, there is no need for a separate power wire; the chip needs only the data and ground connections from the twisted-pair.

TI creates 'Silvar' for GaAs packages

By Ashok Bindra

PLAINVILLE, Mass. -- Though Kovar-based packages have worked well with single-chip gallium-arsenide devices, they have shown reliability problems when multiple chips are assembled--especially when lo nger life is demanded under hot temperatures. To overcome the reliability problems for multichip GaAs microwave packages, Mini-Systems Inc. has turned to a new substrate material, Silvar.

Silvar was developed by Texas Instruments Inc.'s Metallurgical Materials Division (Attleboro, Mass.). In fact, it is a derivative of Kovar with coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) characteristics closely matched to GaAs devices.

By brazing a pedestal made from a Silvar-on-Kovar base in GaAs packages, Mini-Systems has eliminated the cracking problem faced by GaAs chips after temperature cycling, including burn-in at 400ýC, as well as destructive part analysis for robustness and long life. With a high thermal conductivity and CTE curve that closely matches that of GaAs devices, Silvar serves to buffer the thermal expansion skew caused by the hybrid design, said Mini-Systems.

With Silvar's CTE curve closely following GaAs devices' CTE characteristics, the thermal tension stress is minimized to eliminate device cr acking and significantly enhance the reliability of the package, Mini-Systems said. In essence, Silvar keeps the GaAs chip in compression regardless of the temperature the device experiences.

Irvine Sensors expands into boards, chips

By Terry Costlow

COSTA MESA, Calif. -- Irvine Sensors Corp. is making strides to broaden its technology base beyond 3-D packaging. The company plans to formally establish a subsidiary early this year that will market commercial chips, and plans to roll a board-level graphics accelerator this summer.

Both operations will leverage Irvine's background in developing sensing technologies for military products. The IC group, which operates as a fabless chip supplier, has developed an infrared receiver that meets the IR Data Association (IRDA) standard that's starting to see use as a wireless way to connect computers, printers and other products.

The chip , a spin-off of a part developed for the Navy, is called the SIRComm. The eight-pin device is one of the first receivers designed for the IRDA specification. Though ISC's Novalog subsidiary is not yet firmly established, the operation is already shipping SIRComm ICs.

"Our first product is a 115-kbaud receiver that distinguishes itself with a low-power design," said Norm Argast, president of Novalog (Burlington, Vt.). "We see a good-sized market in the mobile end, where [devices] have batteries. The receiver has to be powered up all the time or you won't get a message. That means the standby power has to be low."

Ease-of-use pressed for optical drives

By Rick Boyd-Merritt

WINTER PARK, Fla. -- In an effort to bring ease-of-use to mass storage on optical drives, as well as to expand its software OEM business, Micro Design International Inc. (MDI) is rolling out three products. The comp any said its SCSI Express 3.2 for OS/2 will use of the Universal Disk Format. Two other products bring management features to users of optical drives on a Novell NetWare local-area network.

"Compact disks have been successful to date because you can generally put a CD in any device and it will work," said Myles Lawrence, engineering development manager at MDI. "That hasn't been the case with rewritable and erasable optical disks to date."

To surmount that hurdle, MDI's SCSI Express for OS/2 uses the Universal Disk Format (UDF) it helped develop as a member of the Optical Storage Technology Association. OSTA's work on UDF was completed in October and quickly adopted by Toshiba, Sony and Philips as the file format for the emerging class of digital video disks.

MDI's latest software is a first step in an effort to allow users to read and write optical disks on one platform that can then be taken to another platform where users will still have equal read/write access to the disks. The company plans to launch in March versions of SCSI Express using UDF for Macintosh and Windows 3.1 client systems.

Intel, AMD back mini card and ready samples

By David Lammers

TOKYO -- Intel Corp., Advanced Micro Devices Inc., Fujitsu Ltd. and Sharp Electronics Corp. have agreed to promote a common standard, currently dubbed Minicard, for flash-based memory cards designed for use in consumer products. Both Intel and AMD were expected to show samples of the card, which is about one-fourth the size of the PCMCIA form factor, in Las Vegas this week at the Consumer Electronics Show.

The small cards may be used as early as next year in digital still cameras, handheld computers and digital audio recorders. Many current-generation digital still cameras store images on expensive, SRAM-based, battery-backed PCMCIA cards.

Though the Minicard name has been used thus far to describe the new devices, that nam e may have been copyrighted by another company, and the product's final name remains to be decided, said a Fujitsu spokesman. Whatever name finally sticks, the standard has been submitted to the Small Card Working Group at the Japan Electronic Industry Development Association (Jeida).

The basic Minicard standard calls for a form factor measuring 38 x 33 x 3.5 mm, or one-fourth the size of a PCMCIA Type I card. The small cards can be placed inside a PCMCIA-sized adapter via a holding cartridge.

CES Report: a new world of digital products and copyright fights

By Junko Yoshida

LAS VEGAS -- Digital consumer products expected to drive the electronics industry for years to come are poised to take off in 1996. That's the message from Las Vegas as U.S., Japanese and European rivals prepare to showcase their new wares at the Consumer Electronics Show this week. But their launch could be delay ed--even scrubbed--if the makers of digital gadgets, new media developers and policy makers can't quickly find common ground on thorny intellectual property issues.

Even though copyright questions are still unresolved, equipment makers are readying a raft of new digital products. The emergence of digital TV in the United States as early as this year could also boost prospects. Meanwhile, Japanese firms are already preparing second-generation "combo boxes" for introduction in 1997.

After losing the spotlight to the home PC boom, a burst of cutthroat price competition over the 32-bit/64-bit video game platforms and the much-ballyhooed digital cable set-top box, consumer electronics manufacturers are gearing up for a big comeback this year on their home turf. This go-around, they claim their cupboard is freshly stocked with digital gear: video disk (DVD) player prototypes, camcorders, VCRs, direct satellite broadcast decoders, TVs and even low-cost boxes for Internet-surfing on a TV.

New digital form ats and specifications that are coming together as industry standards are creating many new product lines--TVs, disks, tapes--all going digital almost simultaneously. For companies like Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Sony Corp., Philips Electronics B.V., Thomson Multimedia and Toshiba Corp., the current digital video wave, primarily focused on DVD, presents a huge opportunity to digitally merge some of their products, redefine consumer device features and spin off a number of smart new combo gadgets.

CES Report: The debut of the low-cost Internet box for TV

By Junko Yoshida

LAS VEGAS -- Net surfers can catch the first wave of low-cost Internet-access systems this week at the Consumer Electronics Show. Several computer and consumer-electronics manufacturers are reportedly working on Internet-access boxes that would plug into a TV and sell for under $300.

First out of the chute in what could become the vanguard of a new category of convergence designs is ViewCall America (Norcross, Ga.) and sister company ViewCall Europe (London). Their WEBster system is said to give consumers direct access to the Internet and on-line services through their televisions. R.W. Coughlin, director at ViewCall America, noted that the company will privately demonstrate the box to predetermined guests in a hotel suite at CES.

Coughlin confirmed that the idea and design--based on the ARM processor--come from ViewCall Europe and its investor, John Bentley. However, Coughlin declined to say who will make the boxes: "We are in the midst of negotiations with a variety of hardware vendors."

Startup takes tiny vias to packaging market

By Ron Wilson

SAN JOSE, Calif. -- Prolinx, a two-year-old technology startup here, has accomplished a unique technology transfer--adapting field-programmable gate-array technology to printed-circuit boards and ball-grid-array packages (BGAs).

The result could substantially improve the size and performance of BGAs in the short term and rapidly change the capabilities of pc boards over the next few years.

But a major improvement in packaging was not on the agenda when the company started. "We began in October 1993 with technology people who had antifuse experience at Actel Corp.," said Prolinx president and CEO Richard Nathan. "Our idea then was to develop a programmable antifuse that could be fabricated on a pcb, rather than on a chip. With a sufficiently small pcb antifuse, we could put a programmable via at every point where wires crossed over each other, and make a fully programmable circuit board."

Avant! unveils new layout system despite legal actions

By Richard Goering

SUNNYVALE, Calif. -- Forging ahead despite the civil suit fro m Cadence Design Systems (San Jose, Calif.) and an ongoing criminal investigation, Avant! this week announces ArcCell-XO, which it calls the first timing-driven layout system for cell-based ICs with up to six layers of metal. Cadence claims that the existing ArcCell product and the new ArcCell-XO option both contain Cadence proprietary source code.

As an option that adds area-based routing to the basic ArcCell product, ArcCell-XO is a significant product move for Avant!, because it places that company in what it calls the "structured custom" segment of the cell-based layout market. This fast-growing niche, currently dominated by Cadence's Cell3 layout tool, includes next-generation microprocessors and complex application-specific standard products (ASSPs).

But ArcCell-XO is under a potential legal cloud, given that Cadence is seeking an injunction against the sale of both ArcCell and ArcCell-XO. Although Cadence is seeking an expedited request for injunctive relief, there are no legal barriers to the sale of these products today, and no sign of any imminent civil or criminal actions.

Moreover, Cadence maintains that Avant! is waging a "continued public disinformation campaign" by making false claims about Cell3. Cadence representatives say that Cell3 has completed hundreds of five- and six-layer designs, and that it already has several advantages claimed by Avant!, such as a hierarchical database and all-path timing-driven layout.

Sanyo pickup reads DVDs, CDs

TOKYO -- Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd. has developed an optical pickup for digital video disks (DVDs) that can read both compact and DVD disks. An LCD shutter changes the numerical aperture (NA) for backward compatibility with the CD standard.

Sanyo offers yet another approach to backward compatibility from the 4.7-Gbyte DVDs to the 640-Mbyte compact disks. Earlier, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. said it would employ a hologram- enhanced pickup to ensure backward compatibility and Toshiba said it would use two pickups that could be electronically switched depending on whether a DVD or CD disk was in the player or drive.

Sanyo uses a 635-nm laser with 5-mW power, with a numerical aperture of 0.6, to focus on the DVD disk. Sanyo will sample in March and go to volume production in August.

When it reads a CD disk, the pickup physically moves 0.2 mm closer to the disk, and the LCD shutter behind the lens sharpens the focus by trimming the outer edges of the beam. At that point, the NA changes to 0.35 and the laser power at the surface is reduced to about one-third, said Tateo Toyama, general manager of Sanyo R&D.

Happy New Year!

The staff of EE Times, EE Times-interactive, and EEtnet on CompuServe wish you all a happy, prosperous 1996!

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