EET-i Top of the News

Week of Jan. 16, 1995

Thursday, Jan. 19, 1995

Cadence announces Parsec purchase
CompCore, Mediamatics in MPEG solutions race
No consistent winner in VHDL RTL test
Phoenix rewrites NoteBIOS to conserve power
Japan boosts telecom plans
What's new(s) at EE Times-interactive

Wednesday, Jan. 18, 1995

Microsoft takes aim at the Internet
Nikon shifts to step-and-scan lithography
Battelle: '95 R&D funding to rise 3 percent
Loopholes narrowed on importing engineers
Clinton plan emerges for saving tech partnerships

Tuesday, Jan. 17, 1995

Break near in PGP fracas? Two sides in export-violations probe meet
Ultrahigh-vacuum process unites SiGe, SiC
Printed-circuit-board group merges with ITRI
Dynatech, Motorola debut remote-office architectures
Complex PLDs reach 7.5 ns

Monday, Jan. 16, 1995

Worries mount on IC manufacturing front
Accel buys P-CAD line from IBM's Altium
Engineering employment hits new high--but not for EEs
AMD, Intel finally settle dis pute
Cray Research takes to Russia

Cadence announces Parsec purchase

By Richard Goering

SAN JOSE, Calif. -- Several weeks after confirming that a letter of intent had been signed, Cadence Design Systems next week is formally announcing its acquisition of Parsec Software, maker of the Pearl static-timing analyzer. The move fills a significant gap in Cadence's deep-submicron strategy by giving it one of the few timing analyzers that can handle both transistor-level and gate-level designs.

While Parsec is a one-person company, its Pearl analyzer has emerged as a potentially strong competitor to PathMill from Epic Design Technology (Santa Clara, Calif.), which dominates transistor-level timing analysis. Parsec founder James Cherry will bec ome an architect in Cadence's IC advanced technology group. Terms of the acquisition were not disclosed.

James Solomon, senior vice president and chief technical officer of Cadence's IC design group, noted that Parsec technology may show up elsewhere in the Cadence product line, and said that it may eventually play some role in Vampire, a next-generation design-rule checker that Cadence will introduce in February.

CompCore, Mediamatics in MPEG solutions race

By Junko Yoshida

SUNNYVALE, Calif. -- CompCore Multimedia Inc., here, and Mediamatics Inc. (Santa Clara, Calif.), two hot Silicon Valley startups specializing in MPEG solutions both in software and hardware, are racing to expand their product portfolios and roster of licensees.

While both are pursuing chip, board and system vendors that lack the internal expertise to quickly build their own MPEG solutions, they hav e chosen distinctly different strategies.

CompCore has been making major inroads among chip vendors, licensing MPEG hardware solutions to semiconductor companies like NEC Electronics Inc., Cirrus Logic Inc. and Zilog Inc. Last week, the company announced that it has just acquired all rights to the MPEG audio design developed by Logician Inc. (San Francisco).

Mediamatics, meanwhile, is preparing to launch a complete MPEG software-decode package, designated "MPEG Arcade Player," in early February, licensing it to silicon, board and PC companies. Joining Mediamatics in the MPEG software-decode launch next month will be Brooktree Corp. and Western Digital Corp., and software developers working to create titles using MPEG clips.

No consistent winner in VHDL RTL test

By Richard Goering

GOSPORT, U.K. -- No single logic simulator can claim a clear victory in an independent bench mark report just released by DA Solutions. Still, the benchmark exercise provided a comparative profile of 14 VHDL, Verilog and gate-level simulators from eight vendors, and showed that simulation performance varies greatly according to application.

According to John Hillawi, president of DA Solutions, the purpose of the exercise was to provide some independent, public-domain metrics on simulator capabilities. "Each vendor claims their simulator is 10 times faster, so who can you believe?" asked Hillawi.

What the exercise showed is that nobody's simulator lives up to those kinds of claims. Though Vantage's multitasking SpeedWave MT had the highest average speeds for register-transfer level (RTL) VHDL models, no simulator was fastest for all of the VHDL models used in the exercise.

Another interesting conclusion, Hillawi noted, is that Verilog simulators are rapidly catching up to VHDL simulators in execution speed. "Last year, we found Verilog was an order of magnitude faster tha n any VHDL simulator. But now, it's not even times two," Hillawi said.

The exercise used 15 benchmark circuits: nine VHDL and six Verilog models. The circuits represented a mix of gate-level and RTL models, most of which came from real-world designs. Sources included British Aerospace, LSI Logic, Raynet, Synoptics and Texas Instruments.

Phoenix rewrites NoteBIOS to conserve power

By Loring Wirbel

SANTA CLARA, Calif. -- Phoenix Technologies Ltd. has completed a significant rewrite based on C++ of its notebook PC BIOS firmware, NoteBIOS, which embeds multiple levels of power-management control for OEMs and end users alike. It combines support for PCMCIA interfaces, Microsoft Plug-and-Play system specs and Advanced Power Management (APM) specs.

Phoenix executives are seeding alpha release copies of NoteBIOS 4.0 to the developer community, as well as discussing power-managem ent attributes and the PowerPal Application Programming Interface (API) with microprocessor and peripheral chip-set vendors.

Phoenix has applied for patents on several aspects of the new BIOS. Most visible to the OEM and end user will be a "Power Panel," which allows several configuration profiles of power management to be defined and enabled at a mouse click. Rather than rely on two or three suspend and sleep modes, NoteBIOS allows definition along several parameters to be defined as an object and represented as a Windows icon. Among the states are a "save to disk" hibernation state to instantly invoke application states from a sleep mode.

Japan boosts telecom plans

By Yoshiko Hara

TOKYO -- Japan's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) -- under fire for stunting Japan's economy by overregulating telecom and broadcasting services -- has set out an ambitious agenda for 199 5, officials said in a year-opening briefing.

High on the list of priorities is commercialization of the low-cost digital cellular Personal Handy System (PHS) standard in Japan and promotion of the standard elsewhere in Asia. Last year, Hong Kong moved to adopt PHS as a mobile-telephone standard, and field trials in China are planned for the spring by Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. (NTT), Dai Ni Den Den (DDI), NEC Corp., Fujitsu Ltd. and others.

Though PHS phones can't be used in moving vehicles, they're suited for double duty as open-air mobile phones and in-building cordless phones, at far lower costs than for analog or competing digital cellular systems.

Growth has slowed in Japan's satellite-broadcast market, which offers a variety of services to consumers. The telecom ministry is promoting the summer launch of digital-TV broadcasting services via the JC-SAT 3 satellite. Plans call for using one transponder for four digital channels, for a total of about 50 television channe ls. Digitizing the broadcast function permits one transponder to serve four channels; the ratio for analog systems is 1:1.

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Microsoft takes aim at the Internet

By Brian Santo

REDMOND, Wash. -- Microsoft Corp. chairman Bill Gates may or may not be trying to take over the world, but he does have a clear design on the Internet. Gates announced that Microsoft has formed a strategic relationship with Internet access provider UUNET Technologies Inc. (Falls Church, Va.) and has licensed technology from SpyGlass Inc. which produces the commercial version of the National Cente r for Supercomputing Applications' (NCSA) Mosaic Web browser.

Microsoft has purchased an unspecified minority interest in UUNET. UUNET will create The Microsoft Network, a TCP/IP net that will provide Microsoft's customers direct access to the Internet. Microsoft described the incipient network, first revealed in November, as "global."

Microsoft intends to incorporate NCSA Mosaic in Windows 95, which would provide users access not only to the World Wide Web but also to whatever content Microsoft arranges to make available on The Microsoft Network.

With estimates that as many as nine out of 10 PCs in the world run a Microsoft OS, coupled with Microsoft's recent purchase of Intuit, the maker of Quicken financial software and a leading exponent of secure electronic-transaction processing, the company could indeed become a major driver--and beneficiary--of on-line commerce.

Nikon s hifts to step-and-scan lithography

By Brian Fuller

BELMONT, Calif. -- Nikon Precision Inc., with an eye toward 0.25-micron manufacturing and beyond, is entering the scanning-lithography business with a machine targeting 256-Mbit DRAMs and advanced logic.

The announcement, expected in two weeks in the United States, puts to rest rumors about Nikon's development in the scanning area. Silicon Valley Group Inc.'s (SVG) Micrascan machine is the first (and so far only) step-and-scan machine on the market.

The push to such new architectures is driven by basic light-wavelength issues and ultraexpensive lens technology.

The machine is in beta-testing now at an unspecified U.S. semiconductor vendor, and further technical details won't be revealed until the summer.

In November, Nikon rolled out what is likely to be its last i-line stepper model. Company officials call it the "workhorse" for the rest of the decade but acknowledged that it likely will not be useful below 0.3 mi cron for production volumes.

Battelle: '95 R&D funding to rise 3 percent

By Terry Costlow

COLUMBUS, Ohio -- Battelle, an organization that has tracked annual research and development expenditures for 25 years, predicts that U.S. R&D investments will rise 3 percent this year. That growth, which Battelle expects will continue for a few years, marks a change from flat R&D funding in the recent past.

Researchers at Battelle, working with R&D Magazine , predicted that spending should rise to about $182 billion, up by $5 billion from their forecast for 1994. The study surveyed U.S. industry overall and does not break out data for specific industries such as electronics. One driving force, Battelle said, is the realization by more industries that technology is critical to competitiveness.

Overall federal outlays will rise about 2.4 percent in 1995, hitting $65.5 billion. That increase comes despite some well-publicized cutbacks: the Strategic Defense Initiative and the Superconducting Super Collider.

R&D for defense will slip to $55.34 billion this year, down from $58.6 billion in 1992 and $69.34 billion in 1986.

On the upside, spending by industry should rise by 3.6 percent, climbing to $107.4 billion. Much of that research will be done by companies working alone.

Loopholes narrowed on importing engineers

By Bob Bellinger

WASHINGTON -- The Labor Department has tightened rules governing the admission of foreign engineers and professionals to work under H-1B visas.

According to IEEE-USA, "The new rules require employers to meet additional disclosure and reporting requirements and reduce the validity period for new H-1B visas from six years to three years."

A number of engineering and computer-progra mming groups, including IEEE-USA, had complained that U.S. employers were abusing H-1B admissions, designed to allow foreign nationals to work in the United States on a "temporary" basis to fill spot needs. Programmers, in particular, accused U.S. employers of casting aside higher-paid U.S. citizens, then bringing in lower-paid but well-qualified people from India, China and elsewhere under third-party arrangements.

The Labor Department will now be able to investigate alleged abuses without waiting for a formal complaint, as previously required. Also, more specific information on "prevailing wages" will be gathered to better assess whether foreign workers are undercutting American workers.

Clinton plan emerges for saving tech partnerships

By George Leopold

WASHINGTON -- Clinton administration officials have begun locking horns with the new Republican- led Congress over the direction of U.S. technology policy, with U.S. science officials defending government-industry technology partnerships that GOP legislators want to dump and replace with tax breaks.

The debate was formally joined in early January when a contingent of administration officials, led by presidential science adviser John Gibbons and Commerce Secretary Ron Brown, testified before the restructured House Science Committee. What emerged from the hearing was an administration strategy that includes a willingness to debate the appropriate role for government in science and technology while resisting GOP cuts in federal science and technology programs.

The Republican "Contract with America" targets several Clinton technology initiatives, including the Commerce Department's Advanced Technology Program (ATP), for reductions or cancellation. The new majority has called for replacing federal funding with research tax credits and other incentives to encourage industry to increase investmen ts in pre-competitive R&D, rather than focus research efforts mainly on applied research.

According to administration officials, the GOP contract calls for reductions in proposed spending of more than $1 billion over five years. The proposed cuts "would further threaten our research and technology initiatives," Brown warned.

Break near in PGP fracas? Two sides in export-violations probe meet

By Alexander Wolfe

SAN JOSE, Calif. -- A two-year-long federal criminal probe that could reshape the future of encryption technology on the Internet took a major step forward last week, as attorneys in the case met face-to-face for the first time.

The investigation pits the U.S. government against Phil Zimmermann, an independent software developer who wrote the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption package and offered it free on the In ternet. Zimmermann's troubles stem from the fact that numerous copies of PGP have found their way outside the United States--in violation of U.S. law, which restricts the export of many encryption algorithms and places them in the same class as military secrets.

Late last week, Philip Dubois, Zimmermann's lead counsel, was scheduled to sit down with U.S. assistant attorney William Keane, the government lawyer handling the case, for their first face-to-face meeting since the case began. Dubois hopes to persuade Keane not to proceed toward an indictment that could result in sanctions as severe as 10 years in prison and $1 million in fines.

The inquiry has raised hackles throughout the closed-mouthed cryptography community, for what some experts said was an attempt to quash independently developed software in favor of government-supported algorithms.

Zimmermann is not in danger of being indicted for willfully exporting PGP. Rather, the U.S. attorney's office, here, is considering charging hi m for making PGP available in such a manner that it could be exported by a third party. "The basis of that concern is a bit opaque," said Ken Bass, a former intelligence-policy official in the Carter administration and a legal adviser to Zimmermann. "The government has never specified why they think that Zimmermann is responsible, when in fact he's taken numerous steps to prevent export of PGP."

PGP is available for downloading off the Internet, from an ftp site at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Bass said that the site has domain-control software that prevents access from outside the United States.

According to Bass, export of PGP could occur only via "trans-shipment"--where a domestic Internet user downloads PGP from the MIT site and sends it overseas. (PGP is also sold commercially by the Viacrypt division of Lemcom Systems Inc., in Phoenix.)

Ultrahigh-vacuum process unites SiGe, SiC

By Chappell Brown

TEMPE, Ariz. -- A new tack on silicon-germanium technology that incorporates silicon carbide in hybrid epitaxial systems may blend the advantages of both technologies into a superior silicon device. Research in this emerging field was sparked by the realization that carbon atoms could reduce the lattice strain that limits the application of silicon-germanium superlattices in advanced device designs. Previous studies of silicon-germanium-carbon systems had shown that epitaxial systems completely free of lattice strain were possible. Now, a practical deposition process for achieving that theoretical goal is being perfected at the University of Arizona's Center for Solid State Science.

The new process is a variation on IBM Corp.'s silicon-germanium low-pressure CVD process, which was recently put into production to build silicon heterostructure bipolar transistors (HBTs) for the emerging wireless market. By introducing exotic chemical precursors that incorpora te carbon into the IBM process, the new approach generates high-quality silicon-germanium-carbon films with superior electronic parameters.

The advent of a high-quality silicon-germanium-carbon process could push the performance envelope of silicon into even higher frequency ranges, posing a new threat to gallium-arsenide technologies, which have dominated the high-frequency market niche. Along with the elimination of lattice strain, the structures will benefit from the larger bandgaps of silicon carbide bumping up switching speed. The insulating properties of carbon could potentially increase the speed-power product essential to long-range wireless applications, such as satellite communications.

Printed-circuit-board group merges with ITRI

By Terry Costlow

AUSTIN, Texas -- The October Project, a group formed in 1990 to develop technologies to help stem the decline of the U.S. prin ted-circuit-board industry, has joined the Interconnection Technology Research Institute. The ITRI consortium was formed last year to do much the same work, but with a broader base and wider goals.

Both organizations will work to improve circuit-board technology and boost manufacturing efficiency. The groups merged to build ITRI's membership and provide more structure for the October Project.

"The main difference between the October Project and ITRI is that the October Project felt its best approach was to limit its membership to 19 or 20 companies," said Marshall Andrews, chief executive officer of ITRI. "ITRI was formed without that limitation. We want to make our technology available to anyone, and we have worked hard to involve all segments of the industry around the country."

Dynatech, Motorola debut remote-office architectures

By Loring Wirbel

WASHINGTON -- Dynatech C ommunications Inc. and Motorola Inc.'s transmission products division will be among the vendors at nextweek's ComNet show that are out to prove that remote-office WAN access architectures can still incorporate many new ideas. For the last year, router, modem and frame-relay access device (FRAD) vendors have been shrinking size and cost of hardware to appeal to smaller remote and branch offices, the next market turf war for LAN/WAN interconnect equipment.

Dynatech (Woodbridge, Va.) may be one of the most ambitious designers to date using Motorola microcontroller group's 68360 Quicc communication controller. The Quicc chip is at the heart of a small desktop device that can offer T1 access (including frame relay and eventual Asynchronous Transfer Mode encapsulation at T1 speeds), basic-rate ISDN interfaces, Ethernet and token-ring ports for local LANs, and dial-up modem support.

Dynatech has developed a series of swappable interface cards, only slightly larger than PCMCIA formats, which can plug into a server expansion slot, allowing a single Dynastar 100 platform to serve several LAN/WAN needs.

At Motorola's transmission products division (Huntsville, Ala.), the company is defining an architecture for the central office under which several remote-office lines come in at once. The Digital Access Server 925 family is being touted as a "complete access package" for bringing in multiple V.34 analog channels over dual T1 lines.

When a central office has to handle multiple analog data channels, the DAS 925 V.34 system provides 24 or 48 analog channels, operating at 28.8 kbits/second, over T1 lines.

Complex PLDs reach 7.5 ns

By Ron Wilson

SAN JOSE, Calif. -- It wasn't all that long ago that the makers of 22V10 PALs were locked in a race to reach 7.5-ns speed. Now the speed to beat for fast PALs is more like 5.5 ns, leaving the old milestone in the dust. But lumbering a long behind the leaders is an unlikely pack of second-place contenders. Really big, complex PLDs, ranging up toward 100 macrocells, are beginning to break the 7.5-ns barrier--at least until you read the fine print. The big devices may not be as uniformly fast as their small PAL predecessors, but they do open some new possibilities for designers who must struggle with today's fast buses.

Recent microprocessor speeds leave designers in a quandary. If they use the fastest small PLDs, interchip delays may kill the design. But if they keep the critical paths all in a single big PLD, the relatively plodding speeds of these parts may still kill the design. What designers need is a hundred or more macrocells in a -7 speed grade.

And, naturally, what designers need vendors are only too happy to attempt. Recently, both Advanced Micro Devices Inc. and Xilinx Inc. have announced 7.5-ns versions of their complex PLD families, Mach and XC7300, respectively.

The two families are functionally similar. Bo th are essential clusters of PAL-like function blocks, grouped around a central interconnect scheme. Thus, they are well-suited to gathering designs that had been implemented in a cluster of fast PALs. With these new speed grades, they can often do just that with even high-speed designs.

Worries mount on IC manufacturing front

By Brian Fuller

MONTEREY, Calif. -- A cross-section of the electronics industry's equipment and fab-management executives gathered here last week to worry together about manufacturing issues, ranging from materials and labor shortages to productivity problems and lingering wafer-size disputes.

Gathered at the Industry Strategy Symposium as the biggest Pacific storm of the decade roared outside, they voiced growing concern over problems threatening not only to stall the growth of the industry but also to alter so me of the very economic tenets that drive it.

For the first time in recent memory, talk at the strategy symposium centered not on the equipment community's cost-of-ownership models, but on issues that increasingly involve circuit and systems designers: how to set up a fab that can handle the integration of logic and memory on one chip and how to test gigahertz-level ASICs with affordable and flexible testers.

But perhaps the most pressing problems are the shortages that plague the materials business virtually across the board, combined with the snail's-pace ramp-up of 8-inch wafers. Both threaten to constrict construction over the next few years at the more than 50 new fabs planned worldwide, said Daniel Rose, president of market consultancy and research firm Rose Associates Inc. (Los Altos, Calif.).

"There's allocation throughout the food chain because of the extreme growth we've seen in the last three years," Rose told his symposium audience. Whereas industry forecasters a year ago estimat ed the North American semiconductor market would grow in the low teens, it did three times as well, Rose said. Meanwhile, materials vendors' margins have been squeezed in recent years, forcing them to reduce their R&D budgets and rein in capital spending.

Accel buys P-CAD line from IBM's Altium

By Richard Goering

SAN DIEGO -- In a surprise acquisition that affects tens of thousands of pc-board CAD users, tiny Accel Technologies Inc. has purchased the P-CAD product line from IBM's Altium subsidiary. The move gives Accel a product line with revenues that far exceed its own, and makes it the volume leader in printed-circuit-board CAD, with some 75,000 schematic and layout licenses.

Accel's 1993 revenue was just $2.6 million, according to analyst Gary Smith at Dataquest Inc., a fraction of the $23 million that Altium listed in P-CAD revenue the same year. Accel president Walt Foley qu estioned both figures but agreed that P-CAD's revenue exceed that of Accel.

Terms of the acquisition were not revealed, but it follows IBM EDA's decision to stop distributing its tools through Altium and apparently marks the death of that operation. According to a statement from Altium president Ron Stieger, Altium will be phased out as soon as its remaining products--including mechanical CAD and ruggedized PCs--have been returned to their IBM product organizations.

Of more immediate concern to some 30,000 P-CAD licensees is what happens to their products. Foley, who said he initiated the deal after he saw a news item in "EE Times" suggesting that P-CAD might be for sale, said Accel will continue to support and expand the P-CAD product line into the "foreseeable future," under the P-CAD label.

Engineering employment hits new high--but not for EEs

By Bob Bellinger

WASHINGTON -- To tal engineering employment in the United States hit an historic high last quarter, but EEs aren't necessarily benefiting from the trend.

The newest report from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the nation now employs 1.926 million engineers of all disciplines, up more than 250,000 from 1992's 1.668 million.

Yet, the EE field has lagged behind the overall profession, said Robert Rivers, publisher of the "Engineering Manpower Newsletter" (Union, N.H.). EE employment has "gone nowhere in five years," Rivers asserted.

Indeed, if it's gone anywhere, it's slightly down. Rivers cautioned that breaking down the government figures by discipline produces less reliable data. Nevertheless, the trend line for EEs is horizontal, even slightly negative.

In 1990, average EE employment was 580,000; in 1994, it was 556,000. Rivers blamed defense cutbacks for the poor showing among electrical engineers, who are overrepresented in the aerospace and defense industries.

Still, if you've got the right skills and live in the right place, the official numbers don't mean a thing. "The hiring drought has ended in Silicon Valley," declared David Pregeant, managing director of Source Services, a Sunnyvale, Calif., recruitment firm. "Job opportunities [for engineers, scientists and computer programmers] in 1995 will be similar to the years of 1988 and 1989."

Pregeant believes a lot of people haven't noticed that the unemployment rate has dropped like a rock in Santa Clara County, the heart of Silicon Valley. Two years ago, it hovered around 8 percent. Today, it's below 6 percent. "It will drop to 4 percent in 1995 and approach zero for intermediate and senior-level design engineers," Pregeant predicted. "Software engineers with C-plus-plus and MS-Windows will be the highest in demand."

AMD, Intel finally settle dispute

By Brian Fuller

SAN JOSE, Calif. -- It's finally over. The corporate war between Intel Corp. and Advanced Micro Devices Inc. over intellectual-property rights ended last week, when they settled all outstanding lawsuits and agreed to negotiate future cross-licensing.

The settlement covered a half-dozen cases. It came after U.S. Magistrate Patricia Trumbull, presiding over a lawsuit involving the 486, told both sides to try to work out their differences.

They then brought to a close a bitter seven-year legal battle over patent, copyright and contract-law issues that raised and answered many intellectual property questions hanging over the electronics industry. Under the settlement, all litigation involving each company will be dropped. AMD will have a perpetual license to the microcode in the Intel 386 and 486 microprocessors but agreed that it has no right to copy any other Intel microcode, including that of the Pentium, the forthcoming P6 and 486 ICE (in-circuit emulation).

Intel and AMD will negotiate a new patent cross-license agreement that will take effect Jan. 1, 1996.

AMD will pay Intel $58 million in damages related to the in-circuit emulation case. There, Judge Trumbull found that AMD illegally copied the code from Intel's microprocessor, even though AMD never enabled the code. Intel will pay AMD the $18 million awarded by an arbitrator in a dispute involving the two companies' 1976 patent cross-licensing agreement.

AMD, which will drop its antitrust case against Intel, agreed to make no more than 20 percent of its 486 processors using Intel microcode at foundries. The agreement also gives AMD and its customers a license to Intel's Crawford '338 patent, covering memory management. Intel lost its claim on that patent in a similar case involving Cyrix Corp.

Cray Research takes to Russia

EAGAN, Minn. -- Cray Research Inc. has sold its first supercomputers to Russia, where the machines will be used to monitor the wea ther. As part of talks to standardize on global weather-prediction modeling, the Russian Federal Service for Hydrometrology and Environmental Monitoring will install entry-level (EL type) and YMP-8 (an eight-processor vector type) machines at the Rosgidromet agency in Moscow by midyear. Peak performance for the YMP-8 is 2.7 Gflops.

Cray claims 80 percent of the global weather-forecasting market, with 40 systems installed in 14 countries.

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